Development of Geopolymer from Pond Ash-Thermal Power Plant Waste von Muktikanta Panigrahi/Ratan Indu Ganguly/Radha Raman Dash

<b>DEVELOPMENT OF GEOPOLYMER FROM POND ASH-THERMAL POWERPLANT WASTE</b><p><b>Explains how geopolymer technologies using industrial waste obtained from thermal power plants become cementitious materials in construction sectors for civil engineers.</b></p><p>Utilization of waste materials has become a global challenge since they endanger our environment. In this book, the authors demonstrate how to utilize fly ash/pond ash (waste materials from thermal power plants) to produce a novel material called 'Geopolymer' (GP). Red mud, slags, etc., are mixed with fly ash to produce GP with enhanced strength. As shown in a few European countries, GP can replace cement, and some permanent structures constructed with GP are now appearing in a few advanced countries. GP, and geopolymer concrete, is considered suitable for the construction of roads, buildings, etc., and will eventually, fully or partially, replace cement.</p><p>The book highlights the mechanism of the formation of GP from pond ash. Properties of structures made with GP concrete are found to be comparable to those made with cement concrete. Systematic investigations are presented to understand the chemistry of GP formation with pond ash materials. Performances of these materials above ambient temperature, as well as with different environmental conditions, are also evaluated.</p><p><b>Audience</b></p><p>The book will be used by civil engineers in the construction and ceramic industries, as well as the industrial waste sector. Researchers in materials science, structural and civil engineering, environmental science, and ceramic engineering, will also benefit. Additionally, the book is suitable for graduate courses in civil engineering.</p>

Muktikanta Panigrahi, PhD, completed his doctorate in materials science at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. He is an assistant professor in the Department of Materials Science, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Odisha, India. He has completed a project on Geopolymer sponsored by the Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India. He has innovations/discoveries in the area of Geopolymer/MMCs/Ceramics/Polymers and is skilled in the field ofbasification of industrial wastes, organic semiconductors, biodegradable polymers, and gas sensors.Ratan Indu Ganguly, PhD, completed his doctorate in materials science at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. He has 50 years of experience in academic teaching. He has completed an industry-sponsored project for the development of floor and wall tiles from industrial waste such as fly ash. He is now supporting a research project which relates to the development of geopolymer from pond ash.Radha Raman Dash, PhD, completed his doctorate in materials science at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. He has spent decades at the CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur as a senior scientist. Currently, he is Dean of research and development, Gandhi Institute of Engg.& Technology, University, Gunupur, Orissa. He has ten inventions/discoveries, and his research interests are in the foundry, composite materials, corrosion, ceramic matrix composites, fractal images, and advanced materials.

Preface xi1 Historical Development of Construction Materials From Stone Age to Modern Age 1Ashis Kumar Samal, Muktikanta Panigrahi, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash1.1 Introduction 11.2 Chronological Development of Construction 21.2.1 Neolithic Age 21.2.2 Copper Age and Bronze Age 31.2.3 Iron Age and Steel Age 31.2.4 Ancient Mesopotamia 41.2.5 Ancient Egypt 41.2.6 Ancient Greece and Rome 51.2.7 Ancient China 81.2.8 The Middle Ages 91.2.9 The Renaissance 111.2.10 The Seventeenth Century 151.2.11 The Eighteenth Century 151.2.12 The Nineteenth Century 161.2.13 The Twentieth Century 171.3 Different Types of Ash Used in Construction 181.3.1 Wood Ash 191.3.2 Rice Husk Ash 191.3.3 Cigar Ash 191.3.4 Volcanic Ash 191.3.5 Quarry Dust 201.3.6 Coconut Shell Ash 211.3.7 Coal Ash and Fly Ash 211.3.8 Fly Ash Generation 241.3.9 Nature and Composition of Thermal Power Plant Ashes 241.3.10 Pond Ash 291.3.11 Various Uses of Pulverized Fuel Ash 311.3.12 Importance of Pond Ash Management 321.4 Physical Characteristics of Coal Ashes 331.5 Coal Ash Utilization 381.6 Slag 391.6.1 Generation of Slag 401.6.2 Slag Properties and Utilization 441.7 Geopolymers 451.7.1 Constituents of Geopolymers 461.7.2 Geopolymer Properties 521.8 Durability of Concrete 531.9 Accelerated Durability Testing 551.10 Conclusion(S) 56Acknowledgments 56References 562 Fundamentals of Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 71Muktikanta Panigrahi, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash2.1 Introduction 722.2 Parameters of Geopolymer Concrete 782.3 Geopolymer Formation Mechanism 782.4 Conclusions 81Acknowledgments 81References 823 Pond Ash (PA)-Based Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 91Muktikanta Panigrahi, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash3.1 Introduction 923.2 Experimental Details 943.2.1 Materials 943.2.1.1 Pond Ash 943.2.1.2 Physical Properties of Pond Ash 963.2.1.3 Chemicals 963.2.2 Preparation of Geopolymer from Pond Ash 983.2.3 Test Methods 1003.2.4 Results and Discussion 1043.3 Conclusions 114Acknowledgments 115References 1164 Quantification of Variables on Strength Property of Pond Ash (PA)-Based Geopolymer 123Muktikanta Panigrahi, Subhasmita Prusty, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash4.1 Introduction 1244.2 Experimental Details 1264.2.1 Materials and Method 1264.2.2 Preparation of Geopolymer from Raw Materials 1264.2.3 Characterization of Prepared Samples 1274.3 Results and Discussion 1274.3.1 Testing of Significance Coefficients 1334.4 Conclusions 148Acknowledgments 148References 1495 Development of Pond Ash (PA)High Carbon Ferrochrome (HCFC) Slag-Based Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 151Muktikanta Panigrahi, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash5.1 Introduction 1525.2 Experimental Details 1565.2.1 Source of Materials 1565.2.2 PA/HCFC Slag-Based Geopolymer (GP) Preparation 1575.2.3 PA/HCFC-Based Geopolymeric Mortar and Concrete 1585.2.4 Characterizations of PA/HCFC-Based Geopolymeric Material 1585.2.5 Results and Discussion 1595.3 Conclusions 163Acknowledgments 164References 1646 Pond Ash (PA)Jute Fiber-Based Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 169Muktikanta Panigrahi, Paresh Biswal, Niharika Patel, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash6.1 Introduction 1706.2 Experimental Details 1756.2.1 Chemicals and Materials 1756.2.1.1 Physical Properties of Jute Fiber 1766.2.2 PA/Jute Fiber-Based Geopolymer, Mortar and Concrete 1786.2.3 Results and Discussion 1866.3 Conclusions 189Acknowledgments 189References 1897 Corrosion of Pond Ash (PA)-Based Geopolymer Products 195Slipika Panda, Muktikanta Panigrahi, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash7.1 Introduction 1967.2 Experimental Details 2037.2.1 Chemicals and Materials 2037.2.2 Preparation of Pond Ash-Based Geopolymer Products 2037.2.2.1 Pond Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortar Preparation 2037.2.2.2 Pond Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Preparation 2047.2.3 Characterizations of Pa-Based Geopolymer GP Mortar/Concrete (Before and After) Corrosion 2067.2.4 Results and Discussion 2077.3 Conclusions 220Acknowledgments 220References 2218 Applications, Challenges and Opportunities of Geopolymer Materials 227Ashis Kumar Samal, Muktikanta Panigrahi, Ratan Indu Ganguly and Radha Raman Dash8.1 Introduction 2288.2 Challenges 2348.3 Opportunity 2348.4 Conclusions 235Acknowledgments 235References 235Index 241

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